International audienceThrough the example of possession cults in Benin and Brazil, the author shows that the mobilization of an imaginaire/imagining of Africa is plural and that the opposition between World religions and Custom religions is questionable as soon as one examines the ritual practices, where in both cases the centrality of the process of transubstantiation is observed. The coexistence of pagan and monotheistic rituals, far from being the indication of a syncretism of mask or mimicry, belongs to a conceptual space, that of the South Atlantic, which, makes these practices act as mirrors and speak with each other, where two worlds question and challenge each other in a story which has been on going in a history of long duration.A ...