While a global concern about the sustainability of fisheries and the status of marine resources is arising, a better understanding of the available resource at different scales is required to implement an ecosystem-based management. In Reunion Island, local fisheries are still poorly know and the recent shark attack highlighted the lack of fundamental knowledge about the functioning of marine trophic webs. The general aim of this Ph.D thesis is to analyse the feeding relationship between the different predators of multiple habitats. Carried out between January 2012 and December 2014 in collaboration with the fishing stakeholders, the sampling focused on species of commercial interest or interacting with fisheries (bycatches and depredators)...