Nonverbale Kommunikation und ihre Anwendungen im interkulturellen Unterricht

[[abstract]]現今的世界，透過發達的通訊傳播科技，以及興盛的政治、經貿、學術、娛樂等方面的交流，各國間的往來也日漸頻繁。不同文化之間的資訊交換，容易因為語言、背景、思想、價值觀、生活環境等因素的差異產生衝突，本論文藉由Hofstede所提出的「洋蔥理論」與「文化價值取向模式」探討跨文化溝通過程中的文化差異。而為了能夠溝通無礙，學習外語的人數逐漸增長，也體現出跨文化溝通能力的重要性。對此，了解文化差異的同時，如何透過各種不同的跨文化訓練方法提升跨文化能力也是一重要課題。 人們一般認為溝通僅依賴語言，然而， 根據Birdwhistell的研究顯示，語言的使用大約只占了將近35%，非語言的運用則占了高達65%以上，甚至Mehrabian的研究結果顯示，溝通過程中非語言的比例佔了93%。由此可知，非語言行為才是人與人溝通間的主要媒介。而在跨文化溝通中，非語言差異造成的誤解和衝突，也比語言差異造成的要高。對此，本論文透過介紹不同類型的非語言行為及其在不同文化中的表現方式，讓讀者了解非語言與其在跨文化溝通中的重要性，並期望教師所設定之外語教學的目標除了加強學生的語言能力之外，也能轉而放在提升學生的跨文化能力以及非語言能力，將標的語文化的非語言行為融入課程內容。[[abstract]]Nowadays with the advent of communication technology and frequent contacts between countries intercultural communication has become more and more important More contacts lead to more conflicts They caused by different languages backgrounds minds values or life environments This thesis proposed by Hofstede’s "onion theory" and "cultural dimensions theory" to discuss cultural differences in intercultural communication In order to communicate without problems the number of learning foreign languages is growing It reflects the importance of intercultural competence In this regard it is also an important issue: how can people through the variety trainings to improve their intercultural competences It is generally believe that language is the only one way to communicate with other people However according to Birdwhistell’s research it shows that the use of verbal behaviors in communication is nearly 35% but the application of nonverbal behaviors is over 65% Even in Mehrabian’s research it displays that communication depend on 93% nonverbal behaviors In intercultural communication misunderstandings and conflicts caused by nonverbal differences are more than language differences caused This thesis introduces many different nonverbal communications and their expressions in different cultures so as to let people know the importance of nonverbal in intercultural communication In addition to enhance students’ language ability teacher can also pay attention to improve students’ intercultural and nonverbal competences The most important is that teacher can put the introductions of nonverbal behaviors into foreign language clas