Deglacial biogenic opal peaks revealing enhanced Southern Ocean upwelling during the last 513 ka

Strength of Southern Ocean upwelling controls the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) between deep ocean reservoirs and atmosphere, as well as the communication of dissolved silicon with the euphotic zone of the Southern Ocean. The silicon supply could limit diatom opal productivity in the high-latitudes of Southern Ocean and the subsequent burial of biogenic opal in underlying sediments. Here we report a record of biogenic opal export off the Prydz Bay south of the polar front of the Southern Ocean, indicating strengthened upwelling during the past five glacial terminations. In all five terminations (Isingle bondV), opal peaks occur in line with Northern Hemisphere summer insolation intensity as well as the existing IRDs, indicating that freshwater injection associated with retreat of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets could be the cause of enhanced upwelling in the Southern Ocean during terminations. This could in turn promote CO2 outgassing, finally accelerating the completion of the terminations. In addition, the enhanced upwelling could export the Si-rich deep water to low latitudes via Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW), potentially leading to deglacial opal peaks in subtropical North Atlantic