P-graph methodology for Bi-objective optimisation of bioenergy supply chains: Economic and safety perspectives

This paper presents an approach to the planning of bioenergy supply chains, taking into account both total cost minimisation and supply chain risk reduction via Process graph (P-graph). The supply chain risk is accounted for in terms of transportation fatalities computed in an actuarial manner. An illustrative example based on Malaysian palm-based bioenergy supply chain is solved to illustrate the proposed approach