Lightning monitoring system for sustainable energy supply: a review

A lightning monitoring system is used to observe, collect and analyse lightning activities so that a preventive measure to protect power equipment from severe damage can be planned. An effective lightning monitoring system is crucial to ensure the reliability and sustainability of the electrical energy supply. Despite numerous published papers on this topic, there seem to be an absence of comprehensive review papers that evaluate monitoring technologies and their performances. Owing to the literature gap, this paper is written to summarise the working principles of the relevant sensors and the various methods of data transmission, storage and analysis, as well as the various ways of predicting the occurrence of lightning strikes. This knowledge will contribute to the development of a new online lightning detection system that will be more efficient, without reducing the effectiveness and sensitivity of the system, by utilizing the available technology for data transmission and analysis