International benchmarking through transnational higher education programme knowledge transfer: an Indonesian case study

Indonesia has the largest population in South East Asia, and to serve this large population, it also has a large number of higher education (HE)institutions, 4,274 in total, serving a student population of 6,873,135 (PDDIKTI, 2015). The large numbers attest to the massive demand and consequently the growth of Indonesia's HE since its independence from the Netherlands, when there were only 3,242 students enrolled in a handful of colonially administered institutions between 1920 and 1940 (Somadikarta et al., 1999)