Church attendance, faith and the allocation of time: evidence from Australia

Purpose To examine the determinants of church attendance and the formation of ‘religious human capital’ using a Becker-inspired allocation-of-time framework. Design/methodology/approach Data derived from three waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey were used to estimate a reduced form two-equation system where the endogenous variables were frequency of attendance at religious services and intensity of faith. Findings Our results indicate that while the hourly wage rate accounts for some of the variation in our attendance and faith regressions (i.e., higher wages lead to lower levels of attendance and faith), ‘allocation of time’ variables like working long hours also influence these dimensions. Our findings also suggest that the decision to attend or not or to have any faith at all is generally independent from economic factors. However, once the decision to attend or to have faith is made, an individual’s wage influences the degree of attendance or faith to a significant level. Originality/value Our study contributes to this embryonic body of empirical literature by providing – to the best of our knowledge – the first results for Australia