Nutrition and renal disease

El riñón juega un papel importante en la regulación interna del organismo a través de las funciones excretoras, metabólicas y endocrinas. La insuficiencia renal aguda, IRA, se caracteriza por un rápido deterioro de la función renal con acumulación de productos nitrogenados como la urea y la creatinina y desequilibrio del agua y de los electrólitos. La falla renal crea un estado de desequilibrio metabólico proporcional a la perdida de la función renal. Dentro de los factores importantes para disminuir la progresión de la insuficiencia renal crónica, IRC, están el control de la proteinuria y el control de la hipertensión arterial. Algunos pacientes no alcanzan a ingerir de manera voluntaria los requerimientos calóricos y de volumen adecuados y necesitan soporte con alimentación enteral con sonda nasogástrica o nasoyeyunal con bombas de infusión. Kidney plays an important roll in body homeostasis through excretory, metabolic and endocrine functions. Kidneys filter fluids and solutes and reabsorbed water , electrolytes an minerals. Urine volume and solute excretion are adjusted to keep composition of the extracellular space, serum osmolarity and intravascular volume in constant balance. Kidneys also regulate acid base equilibrium, hormone metabolism and excretion and amino acid concentration. Vitamin D hydroxylation takes place in the kidney, this is the active form of this vitamin, which inhibits PTH . In addition they produce erythropoietin which control hemoglobin concentration in erythrocytes. When renal insufficiency develops, and glormerular filtration rate is between 50 to 75% of normal, this functions are decreased .When renal function is less than 10%, this functions ceased. In children small changes in water, solute, acid base, calcium and phosphorus can alter normal growth and development. If kidneys can not maintain internal equilibrium, specific nutrients should be used. Compensation should be done according to age, type or renal disease and level of glomerular filtration rate