CITIZENSHIP PLURALISM: BETWEEN POLICY, PARADIGM AND LOCAL VALUE IN INDONESIA

In many studies, citizenship has emerged as a major theme linking policy domains ranging from welfare, education, and labor related to cross-border, identity and migration. In turn of the main issues that develops is how the benefits of membership and the rights of citizens should be allocated and how the levels of civic identity can be understood and accommodated. Such issues are usually verified through the legal status that has been enacted and policies are carried out within a nation. However, the rise of political culture, amid the globalization of democracy has much influence the understanding of citizenship, which invites us to rethink the meaning of citizenship. This article tries to describe how the meaning of citizenship that led to the contestation of the paradigm of liberal and communitarian wrapped in a sense of identity. This research was conducted using qualitative method in the case of local government policies in Indonesia. The main case study on the management of street vendors in Surakarta, coupled with reviewing and comparing the two cases in Yogyakarta on land rights and in Bali about the profession of employment between immigrants and indigenous. This article shows that social boundaries are becoming frame of citizenship at the local level becomes a variable that is used by the local government to formulate a public policy. This article concludes that the value/local institutions are still the basis of the meaning of local government policy, while on the other hand the opposition on the pretext of liberalism has begun to emerge among intermediary and society