Dysplasie de l'epithelium pavimenteux oesophagien

Dysplasia can be defined as a preneoplastic lesion characterized by tissular architectural anomalies and cytological changes which remain confined to the epithelium. After a short description of the different histological and cytological criteria of esophageal squamous dysplasia, the authors review the old classifications in three grades: mild, moderate and severe and their evolution towards a simplified two tier classification in low and high grade. The evidence of an association between dysplasia and cancer and the role of dysplasia in esophageal carcinogenesis rely upon several types of studies: epidemiological (geographical and follow-up studies) as well as morphological (based on detailed investigations of surgical specimens). Although esophageal dysplasia is rare in our countries, in populations at risk, taking into account its excellent prognosis, a rigorous screening methodology must be used associating endoscopic vital staining with cytology and histology.SCOPUS: re.j