Physical Modeling of an Aerating Stepped Spillway

To mitigate the negative effects on the water quality in the downstream river of a projected large dam, and in particular to increase the dissolved oxygen concentration during low flow periods within the first 10 years of dam operation, an aerating weir has been designed and tested on a physical model at the Laboratory of Engineering Hydraulics (HECE) of the Liege University. The design of the structure has been done considering data from the literature. The selected solution is a 3 m high stepped spillway designed to operate in nappe flow conditions within the range of design discharges (25 – 100 m³/s). To validate the design, a physical model representing a section of the weir at a 1:1 scale has been built and operated in the laboratory. Chemical dissolved oxygen removal technique has been applied upstream of the model to be able to measure the weir aerating efficiency. The physical model results show that the proposed structure is able to maintain, in the range of discharge in the river from 25 to 100 m³/s, a minimum 5 mg/l oxygen concentration downstream, whatever the upstream oxygen concentration. The paper presents the design process of the weir, the scale model features and the results of the validation tests on the physical model. The prototype construction will take place in 2017 and the water quality will be monitored