The Efects of Postpartum Depression on Maternal-Infant Attachment: Recommendations for Early Assessment and Treatment

Thesis (M.Nurs.), College of Nursing, Washington State UniversityPostpartum depression (PPD) is the most common complication ofthe postpartum period and can have devastating consequences for the emotional attachment and bonding process between a mother and infant (Akman et al., 2008; Earls, 2010; Flykt, Kanninen, Sinkkonen, & Raija-Leena, 2010; Kendall-Tackett, 2010; Mezzacappa & Endicott, 2007; Wisner, Parry, & Piontek, 2002). Current research shows that PPD affects between 10-15% of the population with some studies ranging up to 25% (Center for Disease Control, 2008; Earls, 2010). PPD has been associated with impaired maternal-infant interactions, poor bonding, insecure attachment styles and childhood behavior problems (Beck, 1998; Dennis & McQueen, 2009; Flykt et al., 2010; Misri & Kendrick, 2008; O'Hara, 2009). Despite a growing body of research showing the correlation between PPD and impaired attachment styles, there is a distinct lack of integration and coordination among healthcare providers as to the best treatment strategies for addressing PPD (Chaudron, Szilagyi, Kitzman, Wadkins, & Conwell, 2004; Misri & Kendrick, 2008; Yarcheski, Mahon, Yarcheski, Hanks, & Cannella, 2009). A review of the literature was conducted to assess (a) maternal-infant attachment, (b) effects of postpartum depression on maternal-infant attachment, (c) current intervention practices, and (d) recommendations for integrative treatment strategies for PPD