Novel methods to monitor antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses in cancer immunotherapy

Monitoring cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to tumor antigens that have been defined at the molecular level has become essential to assess novel approaches to the specific immunotherapy of cancer. Nevertheless, because of the low affinity of the interactions between T-cell receptors and their ligands, there are no straightforward, well-standardized methods to meet this need. In this review, we describe several novel methods to track antigen-specific CTL responses