Fiscal devolution and Scotland’s cities : 'double devolution' and optimising urban investment

Scotland’s cities are the powerhouses of the Scottish economy. To be successful and provide the employment, housing and social needs of their citizens, they require sustainable and sufficient resources to enable them to invest in the infrastructure – transport, environment, employment and skills – that supports success and adaptation. This article outlines examples, drawn from OECD countries’ experiences, that provide a wider canvass to think about future reforms for Scotland’s cities, than do the City Deals architecture of applied to English cities