Ship stability & safety in damage condition through operational measures

Guaranteeing a sufficient level of safety from the point of view of stability is typically considered to be a matter of design. However, it is impossible to ensure safety only by design measures, and operational measures can then represent a complementary tool for efficiently and cost-effectively increasing the overall safety of the vessel. Time could therefore be coming for systematically considering operational measures as a recognised and normed integral part of a holistic approach to ship safety from the point of view of stability. In this respect, the scope of this paper is to identify open challenges and to provide, in general, food for thought for stimulating a discussion on the topic of operational measures, with specific attention to the damaged ship condition. The aim of the discussion should be to provide ground for further proceeding towards the goal of implementing a virtuous integrated approach to ship stability safety which gives due credit to effective and robust operational risk control options