A microfluidic device for characterizing nuclear deformations.

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Cell nuclei experience and respond to a wide range of forces, both in vivo and in vitro. In order to characterize the nuclear response to physical stress, we developed a microfluidic chip and used it to apply mechanical stress to live cells and measure their nuclear deformability. The device design is optimized for the detection of both nucleus and cytoplasm, which can then be conveniently quantified using a custom-written Matlab program. We measured nuclear sizes and strains of embryonic stem cells, for which we observed negative Poisson ratios in the nuclei. In addition, we were able to detect changes in the nuclear response after treatment with actin depolymerizing and chromatin decondensing agents. Finally, we showed that the device can be used for biologically relevant high-resolution confocal imaging of cells under compression. Thus, the device presented here allows for accurate physical phenotyping at high throughput and has the potential to be applied to a range of cell types.This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (A. C. H. and C. M. V.), the Royal Society, UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust (K. J. C.), a European Research Council consolidator grant (U. F. K.), Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship (S. P.), the Wellcome Trust and the University of Cambridge (C. L. F.)