Integral length scales and time scales of turbulence in an optical spark-ignition engine

In-cylinder air flow structures are known to play a major role in mixture preparation and flame development in spark-ignition engines. In this paper both LDV and PIV measurements were undertaken in an optical spark-ignition at 1500 RPM 0.5 bar inlet plenum pressure. One of the primary PIV planes was vertical cutting through the centrally located spark plug (tumble plane) inside the pentroof at ignition timing. The other plane was horizontal inside the pentroof 1 mm below the spark plug LDV was conducted 1 mm below the spark plug on a line from inlet to exhaust but also on a lower line 14 mm below the spark plug. In-cylinder PIV data at specific crank angles in the intake and compression strokes were also analysed on the central tumble plane and on a horizontal plane 14 mm below the spark plug. The combination of both techniques allowed high spatial and temporal resolution as the two data sets complemented each other to provide details of mean flow and turbulence characteristics on different levels, aiming ultimately for quantification of integral time scales and length scales. LDV cycle-resolved analysis distinguished between the classic approach of using the time integral of the autocorrelation function to obtain the integral time scale and a high-frequency cut-off analysis to obtain high- and low-frequency fluctuations about an in-cycle mean