Stochastic optimisation-based valuation of smart grid options under firm DG contracts

Under the current EU legislation, Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) are expected to provide firm connections to new DG, whose penetration is set to increase worldwide creating the need for significant investments to enhance network capacity. However, the uncertainty around the magnitude, location and timing of future DG capacity renders planners unable to accurately determine in advance where network violations may occur. Hence, conventional network reinforcements run the risk of asset stranding, leading to increased integration costs. A novel stochastic planning model is proposed that includes generalized formulations for investment in conventional and smart grid assets such as Demand-Side Response (DSR), Coordinated Voltage Control (CVC) and Soft Open Point (SOP) allowing the quantification of their option value. We also show that deterministic planning approaches may underestimate or completely ignore smart technologies