Coastal Fisheries Management In Indonesia : The Case of Awig–Awig In West Lombok

Research PaperLocal wisdom-based fisheries resource management had been done by Gangga sub district community since long time ago until 1965 in form of sawen, a traditional ritual conducted by wektu telu Moslems. In 1966 - 1999 the ritual disappeared because of changes of people's minds and economic-politic situation. In year 2000 Sawen was conducted again but only for reviving Sasak's tribe customs and traditions which had vanished. The emergence of awig-awig is influenced by conflict in coastal community caused by ecology condition, demography, legal politic condition, market distribution process, means of livelihood, and change of technology. Awig-awig is established through formal and informal phase. It has several rules : 1) Fishing ground which is 3 miles away from shore is only for traditional fishermen; 2) Social unit as right holder is individual; 3) Legal source is by traditional ritual sawen; 4) Awig-awig is strictly up held by NLFS whose sanctions are a maximal Rp 10.000.000 fine, burning marine fishing gears, and mistreating by mass but it does not commit to murder. The problem coming up after the implementation is a conflict between local fishermen and outsiders using bomb and potassium in fishing activity. Revitalization of awig-awig and other customary law, in order to work effectively like fishing right in Japan, need supports from government of Indonesia in the form of strengthening of fishermen organization and customary law to be a part of formal law product