Use of Glacial Acetic Acid to Enhance Bisexual Monitoring of Tortricid Pests With Kairomone Lures in Pome Fruits

To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Entomological Society of America and can be found at: http://www.bioone.org/loi/enve.Studies were conducted to assess glacial acetic acid (GAA) with various host plant\ud volatiles (HPVs) and the sex pheromone, (E,E)-8, 10-dodecadien-1-ol, of codling moth, Cydia\ud pomonella (L), as lures in traps for tortricid pests that often co-occur in tree fruits in the western\ud United States. In addition to codling moth, field trapping studies were conducted with oriental\ud fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), obliquebanded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris),\ud the leafroller Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott, and the eyespotted budmoth, Spilonota ocellana\ud (Denis and Schiffermüller). HPVs included ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester), (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, butyl hexanoate, (E)-β-ocimene, (E)-β-farnesene, and farnesol. Three\ud types of GAA co-lures differing in a 10-fold range in weekly evaporation rates were tested. The\ud evaporation rate of GAA co-lures was an important factor affecting moth catches. The highest rate\ud tested captured fewer codling moth but more leafrollers and eyespotted budmoth. GAA co-lures\ud caught both sexes of each species. The field life of butyl hexanoate and (E)-β-ocimene lures were\ud much shorter than pear ester or sex pheromone lures. Adding GAA to pear ester or to (E)-β-ocimene significantly increased the catches of only codling moth or oriental fruit moth, respectively.\ud Combining pear ester or (E)-β-ocimene with GAA did not affect the catch of either species\ud compared with the single more attractive HPV. Adding HPVs to GAA did not increase the catches\ud of either leafroller species or eyespotted budmoth. Traps baited with pear ester, sex pheromone,\ud and GAA for monitoring codling moth were also effective in classifying pest pressure of both\ud leafroller species within orchards