Gramene: a bird's eye view of cereal genomes

This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Oxford University Press. The published article can be found at: http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/.Rice, maize, sorghum, wheat, barley and the other\ud major crop grasses from the family Poaceae\ud (Gramineae) are mankind’s most important source\ud of calories and contribute tens of billions of dollars\ud annually to the world economy (FAO 1999, http://www.fao.org; USDA 1997, http://www.usda.gov).\ud Continued improvement of Poaceae crops is necessary\ud in order to continue to feed an ever-growing\ud world population. However, of the major crop grasses,\ud only rice (Oryza sativa), with a compact genome\ud of ~400 Mbp, has been sequenced and annotated.\ud The Gramene database (http://www.gramene.org)\ud takes advantage of the known genetic colinearity\ud (synteny) between rice and the major crop plant\ud genomes to provide maize, sorghum, millet, wheat,\ud oat and barley researchers with the benefits of an\ud annotated genome years before their own species\ud are sequenced. Gramene is a one stop portal for\ud finding curated literature, genetic and genomic datasets\ud related to maps, markers, genes, genomes and\ud quantitative trait loci. The addition of several new\ud tools to Gramene has greatly facilitated the potential\ud for comparative analysis among the grasses and\ud contributes to our understanding of the anatomy,\ud development, environmental responses and the factors\ud influencing agronomic performance of cereal\ud crops. Since the last publication on Gramene database\ud by D. H. Ware, P. Jaiswal, J. Ni, I. V. Yap, X. Pan,\ud K. Y. Clark, L. Teytelman, S. C. Schmidt, W. Zhao,\ud K.Changet al. [(2002), Plant Physiol., 130, 1606–1613], the database has undergone extensive changes that\ud are described in this publication