First Quantized Electrodynamics

This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00034916.The parametrized Dirac wave equation represents position and time as operators,\ud and can be formulated for many particles. It thus provides, unlike field–theoretic\ud Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), an elementary and unrestricted representation\ud of electrons entangled in space or time. The parametrized formalism leads directly\ud and without further conjecture to the Bethe-Salpeter equation for bound states. The\ud formalism also yields the Uehling shift of the hydrogenic spectrum, the anomalous\ud magnetic moment of the electron to leading order in the fine structure constant, the\ud Lamb shift and the axial anomaly of QED