Artillery of Fire: American Missionaries and the Failed Conversion of the Middle East

Lucid and elegantly written, Ussama Makdisi\u27s Artillery of Heaven accomplishes two big things. First, while examining 19th century American missionary encounters in the Arab Ottoman territories, it presents a model for a new kind of transnational history that sheds light on American engagement with the world. Second, and at a time when much of the Arab past has been effectively demarcated ... as a forbidden no-man\u27s land because of fear of what divisive narratives of the past may dredge up (p. 219), it scrutinizes the raw history of the multi-religious world in the Ottoman region that is now Lebanon