HOT or Not: driver elasticity to price and alternative pricing strategies on the MnPASS HOT Lanes

University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. December 2013. Major: Civil Engineering. Advisor: David Levinson. 1 computer file (PDF); vii, 88 pages.The Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) has added MnPASS High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lanes on two freeway corridors in the Twin Cities. While not the first HOT lanes in the country, the MnPASS lanes are the first implementation of road pricing in Minnesota and possess a dynamic pricing schedule. Tolls charged to single occupancy vehicles (SOVs) are adjusted every three minutes according to HOT lane vehicle density. Given the infancy of systems like MnPASS, questions remain about drivers' responses to toll prices. Three field experiments were conducted on the corridors during which prices were changed. Data from the field experiments as well as two years of toll and traffic data were analyzed to measure driver responses to pricing changes. Driver elasticity to price was positive with magnitudes less than 1.0. This positive relationship between price and demand is in contrast with the previously held belief that raising the price would discourage demand. In addition, drivers consistently paid between approximately \$60-120 per hour of travel time savings, much higher than the average value of time. Four alternative pricing strategies are then proposed and calibrated. These pricing strategies are tested using a HOT lane choice model based on previous research. Adjusting parameters of the pricing strategies altered the resulting HOT lane share. Measuring the changes in HOT demand against the changes in price led to similar positive elasticity results