Logique d'action et projet dans l'action collective : Réflexions théoriques comparées

International audienceThe notion of logic of action is proposed by some authors to understand the actors’ behavior in order to overtake the dualism actor / system. Several relevant theories are mobilised to study the actor and the situation. In the same perspective, the notion of project is held by others researchers to take part in this effort of theorization of the collective action. At first, these two theoretical approaches are synthetically presented. Secondly, they are discussed around two questions: do the logics arise from projects? Do the projects become logics? The reflection emerges that the methodology of the logics of action cannot do without the concept of project to clarify its theoretical posture.La notion de logique d'action est proposée par certains auteurs pour accéder aux comportements des acteurs dans une perspective de dépassement du dualisme acteur / système nourrie des multiples regards théoriques pertinents sur l'acteur ou la situation. Pour fonder ce même dépassement, la notion de projet est retenue par d'autres pour participer d'un effort de théorisation de l'action collective. Dans un premier temps, ces deux regards théoriques sont synthétiquement présentés. Dans un second temps, ils sont rapprochés et discutés autour de deux questions : les logiques naissent-elles de projets ? Les projets deviennent-ils des logiques ? Il ressort de la réflexion que la méthodologie des logiques d'action ne peut se passer du concept de projet pour clarifier sa posture théorique. Abstract : The notion of logic of action is proposed by some authors to understand the actors' behavior in order to overtake the dualism actor / system. Several relevant theories are mobilised to study the actor and the situation. In the same perspective, the notion of project is held by others researchers to take part in this effort of theorization of the collective action. At first, these two theoretical approaches are synthetically presented. Secondly, they are discussed around two questions: do the logics arise from projects? Do the projects become logics? The reflection emerges that the methodology of the logics of action cannot do without the concept of project to clarify its theoretical posture