Make whisper intelligible: aerodynamics of voicing contrast and vocal effort in whispered fricatives

This study shows taht the intelligibility of whispered speech could be supported, at least in part,(1) by maintaining the voicing contrast at the phonetic level where a C[+voice] could be produced by noisy laryngeal source and a C[-voice] by a laryngeal silence; (2) by increasing the intensity of speech, e.g. the articulatory frication noise, by a vocal effort without any laryngeal forcing. DOI : 10.13140/RG.2.1.1835.528