Hubungan Sanitasi Rumah dengan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (Ispa) pada Anak Balita

Acute respiratory infections, together with malnutrition and diarrheal disease, constitute the most common cause of illness and death among children under five years age in developing countries. Acute respiratory infection also becomes the major health problem in Indonesia. Host, environmental and sociocultural-related variables may act independently or in concert with other variables to influence the incidence and severity of acute respiratory infection. Poor housing conditions are associated with a wide range of health condition, including respiratory infection. The aim of this article was to compare the result of relationship between housing sanitation and acute respiratory infection studies in three different areas, in Penjaringan Sari Rungkut District, Surabaya (Yusuf, 2004), in Sidomulyo village Buduran district, Sidoarjo (Suryanto. 2003) and in Tual Village Kei Kecil district, Southeast Maluku (Toanubun, 2003). The housing variables included ventilation, dampness, people density in house, natural lighting and temperature. Natural lighting subvariable also gave significant difference in two areas, Sidomulyo and Penjaringan Sari. All of these studies had the same result in ventilation variable and people density. Ventilation and people density were significanlyt associated with acute respiratory infenction (Chi square, p < 0.05). Dampness variable had significant difference between Tual area and Penjaringan Sari, while in Sidomulyo there was no significant difference. Housing sanitation is important determinant in health, especially in acute respiratory infection among children under five years old. Improving housing sanitation is needed to reduce infectious disease. Keywords: acute respiratory infection, children under five years old, housing sanitation