Review of optimal design strategies for hybrid electric vehicles

In this last decade, the industry headed in multiple transportation sectors towards hybridization and electrification of powertrains. This trend can be particularly observed in the automotive industry (passenger vehicles, commercial and construction vehicles), as well as, in water and air transportation systems. This change was a clear result of multiple environmental or market driven objectives as high fuel economy, pollution or limited resources. The electrification of transportation has brought an increase in the design complexity of the powertrain; and, in the same time a challenge for the research institutes and original equipment manufactures (OEMs). Multiple hybrid electric architectures have been developed under a continuous struggle to find the best solution with respect to various objectives and constraints. To find the optimal design of, for example, a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), is a complex optimization problem that can be addressed through various methods. Prior to the choice of a suitable algorithm for the optimization of this design problem, there is a need of in-depth understanding of the current state of knowledge in architecture choices and optimization algorithms. This paper presents an overview of the existing approaches and algorithms used for optimal design of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). It also includes an introduction in various hybrid topologies and examples from different transportation sectors