Synthesis of fuel from syngas via the Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) process is considered to be one of the important reactions in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we present a short review on the mechanism of the CO dissociation which is regarded as the initial step in the F–T process. The analysis is based on the earlier and recent propositions on the carbide and hydrogen assisted mechanisms for the CO dissociation on Ru and Co surfaces