Tools to evaluate and or design heating systems for (monumental) churches

When restoring monumental churches (the renewal of) the heating system has to be taken into account. In older times different types of heating systems were installed, varying from warm or hot air heating to floor heating, (infrared) radiant heating, radiator panel and convector heating and local or pew heating. From literature there is evidence that some of these heating systems caused serious damage to church organs and other valuable church interior parts. In this paper performance requirements for church heating systems will be presented with respect to preservation, energy requirements, thermal comfort and aesthetics. Computer simulation models and (measurement) tools have been used to evaluate and design heating systems, including control systems and strategies, for churches