International audienceObjectivesNeurofeedback is a technique that aims to teach a subject to regulate a brain parameter measured by a technical interface to modulate his/her related brain and cognitive activities. However, the use of neurofeedback as a therapeutic tool for psychiatric disorders remains controversial. The aim of this review is to summarize and to comment the level of evidence of electroencephalogram (EEG) neurofeedback and real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neurofeedback for therapeutic application in psychiatry.MethodLiterature on neurofeedback and mental disorders but also on Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) used in the field of neurocognitive science has been considered by the group of expert of the NEx...