Short and slim nacelle design for ultra-high BPR engines

An optimisation method consisting of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and computational fluid dynamics of aero-engine nacelles is outlined. The method is applied to three nacelle lengths to determine the relative performance of different ultra-high bypass ratio engine nacelles. The optimal designs at each nacelle length are optimised for three objective functions: cruise drag, drag rise Mach number and change in spillage drag from mid to end of cruise. The Pareto sets generated from these optimisation computations demonstrate that the design space for short nacelles is much narrower in terms of these performace metrics and there are significant penalties in the off design conditions compared to the longer nacelle. Specifically the minimum spillage drag coefficient attainable, for a nacelle with a drag rise Mach number above 0.87, was 0.0040 for the shortest nacelle compared to 0.0005 for a nacelle which was 23% longer