In the past two decades the Australian immigration experience has changed considerably in response to the changing impact of globalisation and the changing geopolitics post 9/11. During this time immigration and multiculturalism have remained controversial. This article reviews the Australian experience with immigration and immigrant settlement over the past few decades. The aim was to provide the guidelines for Australian immigration and settlement policy in coming decades. The paper makes the case for a future Australian immigration policy that favours continued large-scale immigration but within a framework with an increasing emphasis on long-term nation building rather than the short-term economic benefits of increasing guest worker imm...