Redefining productivity for inter-firm operations and supply chain

Traditionally, productivity is defined as the measure of outputs produced for any given number of inputs. This measure seeks to establish a best practice indicator relative to the allocation of resources, be it labour, capital, available technology, cost of inputs, or scale of operations and is generally applied at a firm level. Further, firm level data are then often aggregated based on geography, industry or industry sub-sector and are used largely for comparative purposes and to measure changes in productivity over tim