USE OF POLICE PHYSICAL FORCE AS COERCION

Policisti so uradne osebe, katerih poslanstvo je zagotoviti varnost ljudi in njihovega premoženja. Pri svojem delu se vsakodnevno srečujejo z uporabo tako imenovanih policijskih pooblastil, s pomočjo katerih posredujejo proti storilcem kaznivih ravnanj. Ena izmed pomembnih so zagotovo prisilna sredstva. Med prisilna sredstva štejemo uporabo plinskega razpršilca, palice, službenega psa, sredstva za prisilno ustavljanje prevoznih sredstev, konjenico, posebna motorna vozila, vodni curek, plinska in druga z zakonom določena sredstva za pasivizacijo, strelno orožje ter telesno silo. Prav slednja je osrednja tema diplomskega dela. Država je tista, ki sme posameznikom in posameznim organizacijam dovoliti, da smejo uporabiti telesno silo z zakonsko določenimi pravili. Na področju Republike Slovenije je dovoljeno telesno silo uporabljati slovenski vojski, varnostnikom, finančni upravi, pravosodnim policistom in redarjem. Uporaba telesne sile pomeni neposredno delovanje osebe, ki s svojo silo telesa deluje na drugo osebo. Pogoji za uporabo so natančno določeni z Zakonom o nalogah in pooblastilih policije. Telesna sila se deli na strokovne udarce, prijeme, mete, strokovne pritiske ter na individualno in skupinsko uporabo. Uporaba telesne sile pomeni poseg v človekove pravice, zato je nujno potrebno, da je vedno uporabljena skladno z zakonskimi določili. Z Ustavo Republike Slovenije in z drugimi mednarodnimi dokumenti so zavarovane vse vrednote, od človekovega življenja, do njegovega dostojanstva. Policisti delujejo v skladu z njihovimi načeli. Problem, obravnavan v diplomskem delu, se nanaša na število uporabljenih prisilnih sredstev v slovenski policiji. Ugotavljali smo, katero prisilno sredstvo je uporabljeno v največji meri, ter izhajali iz predpostavke, da je telesna sila eno izmed najmilejših sredstev prisile. S pomočjo statističnih podatkov iz letnih poročil o delu policije in drugih ugotovitev iz teoretičnega dela smo ugotovili, da je uporaba telesne sile med policisti v upadu, vendar še vedno v primerjavi z drugimi prisilnimi sredstvi uporabljena v največjem številu.Police officers are officials with a mission to ensure the safety of people and their property. In their everyday work they use police authorisations to intervene against perpetrators. An important form of police authorisations are coercive measures, such as the use of gas spray, baton, service dog, means for stopping vehicles by force, mounted police units, special motor vehicles, water cannon, gas and other instruments of temporary incapacitation, firearms and physical force. The latter is the main topic of the diploma paper. The state allows the individuals and individual organisations the use of physical force in accordance with statutory stipulations. In the Republic of Slovenia, the use of physical force is permitted to Slovenian Armed Forces, security guards, Financial Administration, judicial police officers and wardens. The use of physical force is a direct act of a person who uses the force of their body to affect another person. Conditions for the use of force are specified in the Police Tasks and Powers Act. The physical force consists of expert strikes, grips and throws, expert pressure, and individual or team force. The use of physical force is an encroachment on human rightstherefore, it must always be used within the provisions of the law. The Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia and other international documents protect both human life and human dignity. Police officers work in accordance with their principles as well. The problem considered in the diploma paper refers to the number of coercive measures used by the Slovenian police. The paper establishes which coercive measure is used most frequently, and presupposes that physical force is one of the mildest forms of coercive measures. On the basis of statistical data from annual reports on the work of the police and other findings from the theoretical part we have established that the use of physical force by police officers is in decline, but remains the most used form of coercive measures