AN INDIRECT TRASPASS OF PROPERTY AND DISTURBANCE OF A PROPERTY OWNER

Posest predstavlja enega temeljnih pojmov stvarnega prava. Posest ni pravica ampak je s pravom varovan dejanski položaj. Kljub temu, da ni pravica, pa posestniku daje pravovarstveno upravičenje. Namen takšne ureditve je v začasni ureditvi posesti, dokler se v sporu pravnomočno ne odloči o le-tej. Motenje ali odvzem posesti je vsako dejanje, ki spreminja ali ogroža razmerje določene osebe do posesti oziroma vsako dejanje, s katerim se posega v tujo posest, tako da se s takšnim dejanjem otežuje ali celo onemogoča izvrševanje posesti. Do vznemirjanja lahko pride bodisi z aktivnim vznemirjanjem bodisi z opustitvijo dolžnega ravnanja. Vznemirjanje lahko povzročijo tudi tako imenovane imisije. Lastnik je namreč pri uporabi nepremičnine primoran odpravljati vzroke in opuščati dejanja, ki izvirajo iz njegove nepremičnine, in ki otežujejo uporabo drugih nepremičnin čez mero, ki je glede na namen in naravo nepremičnine ter glede na krajevne razmere, običajna ali pa povzročajo celo znatnejšo škodo. Varstvo posesti je zagotovljeno skozi dve obliki – samopomoč ter sodno varstvo posesti. Samopomoč je oblika varstva posesti, katere se posestnik lahko, za zavarovanje svoje posesti, posluži v primeru, ko mu je posest bila protipravno odvzeta ali motena. Nevarnost mora biti neposredna, da je samopomoč takojšnja in nujna. Način samopomoči pa mora ustrezati okoliščinam, v katerih obstaja nevarnost. Sodno varstvo posesti zagotavlja pravno zaščito pred motenjem ali odvzemom posesti samostojno in neodvisno od pravice do stvari. Sodišče daje varstvo posesti glede na zadnje motenje posesti in glede na nastalo motenje, ne upošteva pa pravice do posesti in dobrovernosti posestnika. Če posestnega varstva ne bi bilo, bi obstajala velika nevarnost uporabe samovolje in nasilja pri uveljavljanju in ohranjanju posesti.Possession is one of the fundamental terms in civil and property law. Possession is not a right, it is a legally protected actual position. It is not a right, but a legally protected actual situation. Although possession is not a right, a possessor is entitled to legal protection. The purpose of such an arrangement is to temporary handle a possession, until a binding legal decision is reached. Trespass and deprivation of possession refers to every act that changes or threatens the relation between a certain person and their possession, or any other act that leads to interference in a foreign possession, which makes it difficult or even impossible to execute a possesion order. Disturbance may be caused either by active disturbance or by omission of duty. It may also be caused by so-called immissions. A property owner is namely obliged to remove and abandon acts araising from his property, and acts that are hindering the usage of other properties according to a regulation with regard to the purpose and nature of the property as well as to the local conditions, which defines which acts are not normal or may even cause major damage. Legal protection of possession is provided through two different forms of protection – self-help and judicial protection of possession. Self-help is a form of protection that can be used by a possessor to either secure or reclaim their possession in case it has been trespassed on or they are unlawfully deprived of their possession. When using self-help, particular conditions must be fulfilled, such as direct danger, in order for self-help to be immediate and necessary. The chosen self-help has to be appropriate to the circumstances of the threatening danger. Judical protection, on the other hand, is a form of protection that ensures an autonomus and legal protection against unlawful trespass and deprivation of possession. The court reaches a decision about the protection of possession by considering the last disturbance of the possession and how it occured. It does not consider the right of possession or the (dis)honesty of the possessor. If there was no protection of possession, there would be a high risk of using autocracy and violenece in obtaining and retaining a possession