DETERMINATION OF THE CORRESPONDING LAND BY ZVEtL - THEORY AND PRACTICE

Objekt potrebuje za svojo nemoteno uporabo ustrezno zemljišče. Gre za zemljišče, ki omogoča dostop in vzdrževanje samega objekta. V preteklem sistemu družbene lastnine so za taka zemljišča uporabljali izraz funkcionalno zemljišče. Danes govorimo o pripadajočem zemljišču oziroma zemljišču za redno rabo objekta. Družbeni sistem je pomenil olastninjene zemljišč in prometa le z objekti. Na zemljiščih so pridobitelji pridobili le pravico uporabe. Lastninska pravica na objektu in pravica uporabe v večini primerih nista bili vknjiženi v zemljiško knjigo, ker vpis v zemljiško knjigo za urejanje nepremičninskih prenosov ni bil potreben. Zakon o lastninjenju nepremičnin v družbeni lastnini je pravico uporabe (ex lege) spremenil v lastninsko pravico. Kritiki seveda upravičeno opozarjajo, da pravilo ne upošteva podlage, na katerih je bila pravica uporabe pridobljena, za kar je veliko pomislekov še danes, ko se na tej podlagi določajo pripadajoča zemljišča po ZVEtL. Ravno te razlike med sistemoma in neurejeno področje evidenc nepremičnin so pripeljali do sprejema Zakona o vzpostavitvi etažne lastnine na predlog pridobitelja posameznega dela stavbe in o ugotavljanju pripadajočega zemljišča k stavbi (v nadaljevanju ZVEtL) in novega izraza pripadajoče zemljišče. Sprejem slednjega je v sodni praksi spodbudil veliko dilem glede upravičenosti dodeljevanja funkcionalnih zemljišč, danes pripadajočih zemljišč, zlasti zaradi občutljivega posega v lastninsko pravico nasploh, tako zemljiškoknjižnih lastnikov kot uporabnikov. Življenjske situacije, ki jih ZVEtL želi urediti, so iz materialnopravnega vidika zelo zahtevne, zaradi narave razmerij je v njih udeleženih veliko oseb z različnimi interesi. V diplomski nalogi so predstavljeni pomisleki glede obsega dodeljevanja pripadajočih zemljišč z vidika spoštovanja načela gospodarnosti in neodplačnosti ter s tem povezane nevarnosti vse večjega problema uzurpacije nepremičnin v lasti občin.A building needs suitable land for its uninterrupted use which allows access to and maintenance of the building. In the former system of social property, the term used was ‘functional land’. Today, it is referred to as associated land or land for regular use of a building. The social system meant that only buildings were disposed and traded. Owners of buildings acquired only the right to use the land. Property right to a building and the right to use the land in most cases were not registered in the Land Registry since entry in the Land Registry was not necessary for real estate translations. The Privatization of Real Estate in Social Ownership Act changed the right of use ex lege into ownership right. Critics justifiable warned that the rule does not take into account the basis on which the right was acquired which is causing a lot of discussion since associate land is determined under the ZVEtL. These differences between the systems and unregulated real estate records have led to the adoption of the Act on the Acquisition of the Strata Title of a Part of a Building on the Proposal of the Owner and on Determining the Land Belonging Thereto (ZVEtL) and the new term ‘associate land’. The adoption of the Act has caused a lot of dilemma in case law concerning eligibility to grant functional land is today referred to as associated land. This is especially because of the general sensitivity to interfere with property rights of Land Registry owners as well as land users. Life situations which the ZVEtL tried to resolve involve very complex substantive questions of law and the nature of relationships involved means there are a lot of parties with different interests. These thesis will address concerns regarding the award of associated land in terms of the application of the principle of economy and non-payment and therewith related dangers for ever increasing problems of usurpation of real estate owned by municipalities