Women in prison: influence of prison on child development

Slovenska zakonodaja (Zakon o izvrševanju kazenskih sankcij, Pravilnik o izvrševanju kazni zapora) ne opredeljuje konkretnih pogojev, ki jih mora obsojenka izpolnjevati, da lahko otrok biva z njo, prav tako ni opredeljenih pogojev, s katerimi se zagotovi varnost otroka, ki biva z obsojenko v zaporu. Dovoljuje bivanje otroka z obsojenko (materjo) do dopolnjenega prvega oziroma drugega leta starosti. V zaključnem delu je raziskovan razvoj otroka in vpliv neugodnih razmer na njegov nadaljnji razvoj. Opravljene raziskave dajejo rezultate, da obsojenke v veliki večini primerov prihajajo iz disfunkcionalnih družin, imajo preteklost zlorab (fizično, spolno in/ali psihično) in zanemarjanj, ki predstavljajo pomemben dejavnik tveganja, za prenos le teh na otroka. Da se prekine medgeneracijski cikel zlorab, je potrebna ustrezna psihoterapevtska obravnava obsojenke. Vpliv travm iz otroštva obsojenke je močno povezan z deviantnim vedenjem in kriminaliteto. Kadar se navezanost s starši ne vzpostavi v zgodnji mladosti, se verjetnost udeležbe v prestopništvu povečuje. Raziskave so pokazale tudi močno povezavo med samoobvladovanjem, nizko samopodobo in prestopništvom. Samoobvladovanje je napovedovalec, ki najbolj dosledno vpliva na prestopništvo. Nižja samopodoba vodi do prestopništva, in na določeni točki, lahko sodelovanje v prestopništvu privede do povečanja samozavesti. Programi, ki jih izvajajo v nekaterih ženskih zaporih po Evropi, ZDA so namenjeni rehabilitaciji obsojenke in učenju starševskih veščin, varne navezanosti otroka na mamo ter spodbujajo razvijanje in ohranjanje čustvene vezi z otrokom. Analize tovrstnih programov so med drugim pokazale uspešnost pri povratništvu.Slovenian legislation (Enforcement of Criminal Sanctions Act, Rules on the Enforcement of Sentences of Imprisonment) does not define specific conditions in which convicted mother can decide if she wants her child to stay with her, and there are also no defined conditions, in which the safety of the child who lives in the prison with his mother is ensured. Slovenian legislation allows that children stay in prison until they reach the first or second year of age. In master\u27s thesis was researched child development and the impact of unfavorable conditions on further development of the child. In majority of cases studies show that convicted women come from dysfunctional families, have a history of abuse (physical, sexual and / or psychological) and neglect, which represents a significant risk factor for passing these traumas to the child. To break the intergenerational cycle of abuse, convicted women need proper psychotherapeutic treatment. The impact of trauma from childhood is strongly linked to deviant behavior and crime. The pathological attachment with parents in early age can be the reason of delinquency later in life. Research has also shown a strong connection between the level of self-control, low self-esteem and delinquency. Firstly delinquency involvement is affected by person\u27s level of self-control and secondly lower self-esteem leads to delinquency, and at a certain point , participation in delinquency can leads to an increase in self-esteem. Europe and the US have adjustment programs for convicted mothers they rehabilitate them, teach them parenting skills and concept of, secure attachment towards a child and they promote the development and maintenance of emotional bond with their child. An analysis of such programs has also shown success in recidivism