THE ISSUE OF MONEY LAUNDERING IN THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA

Pranje denarja je samostojno kaznivo dejanje, katerega bistvo je prikrivanje nezakonite narave ali izvora premoženjske koristi, pridobljene s storitvijo kaznivega dejanja. Protipravna premoženjska korist se prikaže kot legalno pridobljena. Običajno se takšno dejanje izvrši v sostorilstvu in poteka skozi tri faze. V prvi storilec pridobljeno protipravno premoženjsko korist izroči pralcu. V drugi fazi pralec ustvari plasti, briše računovodske in bančne sledi za izvorom denarja, izvaja različne finančne transakcije v banki iz prve faze. V tretji fazi se sled za denarjem zakrije, denar pa je potrebno le uvesti v finančni sistem kot popolnoma neoporečno, legalno pridobljen. Za takšnim dejanjem lahko stojijo tudi teroristične organizacije. Pranje denarja je precej razširjen pojav tudi v Sloveniji. Zraven nacionalne zakonodaje, ki ureja to kaznivo dejanje, imamo ustanovljen samostojni organ, to je Urad RS za preprečevanje pranja denarja, ki deluje kot organ v sestavi Ministrstva za finance in opravlja naloge, ki se nanašajo na preprečevanje in odkrivanje pranja denarja in financiranja terorizma. Na problem odkrivanja oz. dokazovanja tega kaznivega dejanja kaže sodna praksa slovenskih sodišč. Ta je namreč precej skromna, glede na število prijav in dejanske razširjenosti tega pojava v Sloveniji.Money laundering is a substantive crime that aims to conceal the illegitimate nature or source of the proceeds of criminal activity. The proceeds of criminal activity are made to appear legal. Such an offense is usually committed in complicity and can be divided into three phases. In the first, the offender passes the proceeds of criminal activity to the launderer. In the second, the launderer conceals money source by creating layers, covering bookkeeping and banking tracks and performing various financial transactions in the bank from phase one. In the third phase, all tracks are covered and money is introduced into the financial system as fully clean and legally acquired. Such actions can often be attributed to terrorist organizations. Money laundering is quite a wide-spread crime in Slovenia as well. In addition to the national legislation, this criminal offense is regulated by an independent Office for Money Laundering Prevention of the Republic of Slovenia under the Ministry of Finance. It is responsible for preventing and detecting activities concerning money laundering and terrorism financing. The problem of uncovering and proving this criminal offense is evident from the case law of the Slovene courts. It is namely fairly low considering the number of reports and the extent of this crime in Slovenia