NEOLIBERALISM AND CONTROL STRATEGIES. The Urban Security Policies in Italy

From the early 1990s, In Italy discourses and practices referring to urban security and prevention have increased. The purpose of this article is to highlight the specific char-acteristics of the Italian approach to urban security. Firstly, the strong leadership of local governments in defining the urban security policy, in a conflictual dynamic of na-tional vs local. Secondly, the link between the issue of security and immigration, both at national and local levels. The reconstruction of the history of urban security policies in Italy is aimed at answering the following question: can we interpret the Italian case, despite its national specificity, as coherent with the shift in the culture of control ar-gued by David Garland in relation to the UK and the US contexts? We argue that, also in the Italian context, we witnessed, on one hand, the use of local adaptive policies, in line with neoliberal principles. On the other hand, the rise of punitive populism in the rhetoric and practices, not only at the central State level, but also at local level where adaptive policies were developed together with administrative punitive measures. The conclusions propose a critical account of Italian urban security policies