This paper presents a diagnostic system for pantograph and overhead line, developed and installed on both high-speed and commuter commercial trains. The system is based on the measurement of collector accelerations and it is aimed at marking an improvement on current scheduled methods for catenary and pantograph maintenance, making condition-based maintenance possible. The set-up proposed is inexpensive and easy to install on commercial service trains. Meaningful indications on pantograph-catenary interaction are obtained by the processing and analysis of collector accelerations; index values are computed in real time during the train run by an electronic board, and compared with alarm limits