Prevalence of, and risk factors for, HIV, hepatitis B and C infections among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs: a cross-sectional study
- Hope, VD
- McVeigh, J
- Marongiu, A
- Evans-Brown, M
- Smith, J
- Kimergård, A
- Croxford, S
- Beynon, CM
- Parry, JV
- Bellis, MA
- Ncube, F
DOIAbstract
Objective: To describe drug use, sexual risks and the prevalence of blood-borne viral infections among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs). Design: A voluntary unlinked-anonymous crosssectional biobehavioural survey. Setting: 19 needle and syringe programmes across England and Wales. Participants: 395 men who had injected IPEDs. Results: Of the participants (median age 28 years), 36% had used IPEDs for <5 years. Anabolic steroids (86%), growth hormone (32%) and human chorionic gonadotropin (16%) were most frequently injected, with 88% injecting intramuscularly and 39% subcutaneously. Two-thirds also used IPEDs orally. Recent psychoactive drug use was common (46% cocaine, 12% amphetamine), 5% had ever injected a ...
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