Nanoscale surface cues and cell behaviour

Nanotopographical cues are used to stimulate and manipulate cell responses. Hence, the development of understanding in this area will allow for the engineering of novel biomaterial and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this chapter we describe a range of material surface manufacturing techniques covering surface chemistry, topography, and mechanics in the form of switchable chemical surfaces and growth factor tethering on polymers. It is clear that these cues have large effects on cell response, for example, stem cells