Epidemiologi Kasus Difteri di Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten Tahun 2014

Infeksi difteri disebabkan oleh bakteri Corynebacterium diphtheriae dan hampir terdapat di seluruhdunia dalam bentuk wabah. Penyakit ini terutama menyerang anak umur 1-12 tahun, mudah menulardan menyebar melalui kontak langsung. Upaya pencegahan penyakit difteri dilakukan dengan caramelakukan program imunisasi. Data Riskesdas tahun 2013 menunjukkan cakupan imunisasi dasarlengkap untuk Provinsi Banten adalah 59,2%. Cakupan imunisasi yang rendah ini akan berdampakpada keadaan wabah, salah satunya difteri, seperti yang terjadi di Kampung Kumpay, Desa Maraya,Kecamatan Sajira, Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten, dilaporkan adanya laporan kematian karenapenyakit difteri sejak April 2014. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran epidemiologi danpenyebaran penyakit difteri yang menimbulkan wabah. Ada 23 sampel swab tenggorok yang dilakukanpemeriksaan laboratorium berupa kultur, mikroskopis dan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Datapenyelidikan epidemiologi dilakukan dengan wawancara terhadap tersangka dan kontak serta orangtuanya. Hasil dari 23 sampel swab tenggorok menunjukkan satu kontak positif C.diphtheriae gravistoksigenik, sementara hasil penyelidikan epidemiologi menunjukkan ada 4 kasus dengan diagnosisklinis difteri, dua diantaranya meninggal. Data cakupan imunisasi di daerah tersebut memenuhi target,sementara tingkat pendidikan orang tua rendah yakni ayah 60,3% dan ibu 90%, sebanyak 48% anaktidak diimunisasi serta kepadatan hunian rumah yang tinggi yakni 58,7%. Kesimpulan menunjukkanadanya penyebaran penyakit difteri di Kampung Kumpay, Desa Maraya, Kecamatan Sajira, KabupatenLebak, Provinsi Banten.Kata Kunci: Corynebacterium diphtheriae, epidemiologi, imunisasi AbstractDiphtheria infections caused by the Corynebacterium diphtheriae and could be outbreak in all countries.Particulary, this disease attacks the children aged 1-12 years old, contagious and spreads through directcontact. The preventing of diphtheria has been done by immunization programs. Based on national healthresearch (Riskesdas) in 2013 Banten province showed the coverage of complete basic immunizationwas 59.2%. The coverage of low immunizations would cause an outbreak, one of them is a diphtheria,such as happened in Kumpay-Maraya village, sub-district Sajira, Lebak regency of Banten provincereported the deaths of children due to diphtheria since April 2014. This study aims to know and overviewof epidemiology and spread of diphtheria disease that caused an aoutbreak. There were 23 samples ofthroat swab tested in laboratory such as culture, microscopic and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).Epidemiological data was conducted by interviewing of suspects, contacts and their parents. The resultsfrom the 23 samples showed a positive contact of C.diphtheriae type toxigenic gravis, while the resultsof epidemiological investigations showed there were 4 cases with a clinical diagnosis of diphtheria, twoof them died. The immunization coverage of this region meet the target, meanwhile the educational levelof parents respondents are relatively low which 60,3% for father and 90% for mother. There were 48%children were not immunized and 58,7% respondents living in high density of residents. The conclusionwas that there were spreading in Kumpay-Maraya village, Sajira sub-districts, Lebak regency of Bantenprovince.Keywords: Corynebacterium diphtheriae, epidemiology, immunizatio