Distribusi Spasial Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (Dbd), Analisis Indeks Jarak dan Alternatif Pengendalian Vektor di Kota Samarinda, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) happens to be a public health problem in Samarinda city, East Kalimantan Province. Dengue was reported endemic in the entire six subdistricts of the city. Various vector control programs have been conducted by the Health Office, yet the dengue cases were still occurred on the previous years. Comprehensive research was conducted to determine the spatial distribution of DHF cases using geographical information system (GIS) mapping, in relation to positive larvae of the breeding habitat distributions. The study was carried out in five endemic areas namely Pelita village Samarinda Utara Subdistrict, Sambutan village Samarinda Ilir Subdistrict, Sidodadi village Samarinda Ulu Subdistrict, Harapan Baru village Samarinda Seberang Subdistrict and Karang Asam Ilir village Sungai Kunjang Subdistrict. The aim of the study was to determine the specific vector control strategies based on spatial DHF cases and breeding habitat distributions and distance index analyses, larvae free index and insecticide susceptible status of dengue vector of Ae. aegypti against the insecticides which were used for vector control programs. The study revealed that average ABJ in the study areas was 35.85-64.16% and lower the national standar of 95%. Dengue vector of Ae. aegypti was found to be resistant to Malathion, Permethrin, Lambdasihalothrin and Bendiocarb insecticides. Thus an alternative insecticide should be considered. Dengue cases distribution in Samarinda city were found in clusters/gregorious. Distance index analyses indicated that the transmissions were due to mosquito behaviour. Community empowement is needed to encourage the potential groups (PKK, Dasa Wisma, public health caders, posyandu), to participate on the vector control program. Keywords: DHF, Spatial distribution, Cases Distance Index, Samarinda City. Abstrak Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat Kota Samarinda, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dan dilaporkan endemis di enam wilayah kecamatan. Berbagai cara pengendalian telah dilakukan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kota, tetapi kasus DBD masih ditemukan sepanjang tahun. Penelitian komprehensif telah dilakukan untuk menentukan distribusi spasial kasus DBD dengan pemetaan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG), berkaitan dengan habitat positif jentik. Penelitian dilakukan dilima (5) wilayah kalurahan endemis yaitu: Desa Pelita Kecamatan Samarinda Utara, Desa Sambutan Kecamatan Samarinda Ilir, Desa Sidodadi Kecamatan Samarinda Ulu, Desa Harapan Baru Kecamatan Samarinda Seberang dan Desa Karang Asam Ilir Kecamatan Sungai Kunjang. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan strategi pengendalian vektor spesifik berdasarkan distribusi spasial/ pemetaan kasus DBD dengan sistem informasi geografi (SIG), Index jarak (distance index) kasus DBD, angka bebas jentik (ABJ) serta status kerentanan nyamuk vektor Ae. aegypti terhadap insektisida. Hasil survei jentik ditemukan bahwa rata-rata ABJ di daerah penelitian jauh lebih rendah daripada standar nasional 95,0%. Uji susceptibility vektor DBD Ae. aegypti telah resisten terhadap insektisida Malathion, Permethrin, Lambdasihalothrin dan Bendiocarb, sehingga diperlukan insektisida alternatif. Distribusi kasus DBD Kota Samarinda ditemukan mengelompok distance index rata-rata 75 meter sebagai indikasi penularan lebih disebabkan perilaku nyamuk vektor. Pemberdayaan masyarakat sangat diperlukan sebagai usaha memberikan motivasi kepada kelompok masyarakat potensial seperti PKK, Dasa Wisma, kader kesehatan dan posyandu, untuk berpartisipasi dalam program pengendalian vektor DBD. Kata kunci: DBD, Distribusi spasial, Jarak indeks kasus, Kota Samarind