Magnesium & Fluorine Doped LMR-NMC Cathode Materials for High Energy Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium rich layered oxide (LMR-NMC) having composition Li1.2Mn0.55Ni0.15Co0.10O2 is considered as a potential candidate for cathode materials for high energy density lithium ion batteries for electric vehicles. The LMR NMC cathodes deliver capacity of > 250 mAh/g when they are operated between 2.5 V and 4.8V. However, LMR-NMC suffer from some drawbacks which limits its application in electric vehicles like poor conductivity, less interfacial stability, structural instability, which leads to poor cycle life. The major issue with LMR-NMC is the voltage decay. The reason for voltage fade is the structure transformation from layered to spinel structure which reduces the operating voltage from 4V to 3V consequently reducing the energy density from 1000 Wh/kg to 750 Wh/kg