Schizophrénie, conscience de soi, intersubjectivité : Essai de psychopathologie phénoménologique en première personne

Comment rencontrer l’homme schizophrène dans sa singularité, dans la richesse et les difficultés de son expérience ? Comment partager l’indicible de la rupture psychotique ? Comment dépasser les catégorisations symptomatiques réduisant l’homme à sa maladie ? Les auteurs proposent une approche contemporaine et inédite de la schizophrénie en s’inspirant de l’échelle EASE qui permet une exploration guidée de la (des) subjectivité(s) schizophrénique(s). Cet outil permet de percevoir différemment la maladie, de l’intérieur, offrant une perspective originale, susceptible de nouer des dialogues féconds avec la psychanalyse et les sciences cognitives. Le choix d’une approche phénoménologique s’ancre dans une volonté de laisser la place à l’étonnement, de ne pas pré-penser, ou le moins possible, le recueil d’expériences. Les explorations des phénomènes décrits par les patients se nourrissent de la tradition de la psychopathologie phénoménologique (Blankenburg, Minkowski, Binswanger, Tatossian) et de ses apports contemporains (Stanghellini, Sass, Parnas, Fuchs) tout en laissant au phénomène clinique la primauté. L’ouvrage explore l’hypothèse selon laquelle la folie pourrait dériver d’une intensification plutôt que d’un affaiblissement de la conscience. Les phénomènes d’hyper-réflexivité semblent constituer des moments centraux dans le rapport au monde des personnes schizophrènes qui relatent des phénomènes d’exacerbation de la pensée, de recherche de sens, d’intensification de la réflexion au détriment de la capacité d’abandon naturelle au monde.How can we meet schizophrenic people in their singularity, in the richness and difficulties of their experience? How can we help them share the unspeakable psychotic rupture? How can we overcome the symptomatic categorizations which, from a third person perspective, reduce man to his illness? The authors propose a contemporary and unprecedented approach to schizophrenia. They are inspired by a tool, the EASE scale, which allows, from a perspective in first person, a guided exploration of schizophrenic subjectivity. The scale lays benchmarks in the investigation of experiences related to disorders of the Self. It helps to perceive the disease differently, from the inside, thus offering a rigorous alternative to the a-subjective approaches of DSM-IV and 5. The subject that emerges from this phenomenological analysis is an individual who can no longer be considered from the standpoint of deficit only. This study reveals that the schizophrenic person, by interrogating a priori tacit central phenomena, experiences a hyper-functioning of his/her consciousness. Situated upstream of any theoretical a priori, the path of phenomenological psychopathology is an original perspective, capable of establishing fruitful dialogues both with psychoanalysis and with the cognitive sciences. The choice of a phenomenological approach is anchored in a desire to leave room for astonishment, to not pre-think, or as little as possible, the collection of experiences. Explorations of the phenomena described by the patients are nourished by the tradition of phenomenological psychopathology (Blankenburg, Minkowski, Binswanger, Tatossian) and its contemporary contributions (Stanghellini, Sass, Parnas, Fuchs) while giving primacy to the clinical phenomenon. After a thorough analysis of the patient's discourse, the book explores the hypothesis proposed by Louis Sass that madness could be derived from an intensification rather than a weakening of consciousness. The phenomena of hyper-reflexivity, particularly salient in the descriptions, seem to constitute central moments in their relationship to the world. In particular, the individuals complain of an exacerbation of thought, of the search for meaning, of the intensity of reflection to the detriment of the capacity for natural and antepredicative surrendering to the world. What schizophrenic people have to say about their subjective experience, if one takes the trouble to explore it with them and despite the harshness of their experience, is ultimately quite impressive