This research is dealing with archaeological and geo-archaeological studies which, for thirty years in northern Europe, have partly renewed our understanding of medieval towns by analyzing dark earth layers. Not yet considered enough, this kind of deposit represents however an important historical record of ancient roman cities.<br />The study lay out both methodological and analytical interest. A method of creating and studying samples is explored, especially for archaeological stratifications in urban context. Experiences have been led on five excavations at Tours by analyzing fine and coarse composition of urban layers. The study is based on the principle that human activities are recorded in archaeological deposits. By applying site for...