National audienceVOICE AND ORALITY WITHIN WRITTEN TEXT : THE GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF WORKING-CLASS SPEECH IN THE WORK OF THE FRENCH CHANSONNIER ARISTIDE BRUANT. The aim of this paper is to clarify the nature and the role of the different « voices » that can be identified within in a written text, while maintaining the notion firmly grounded in its concrete and embodied meaning. The written version of chansonnier Aristide Bruant's work makes up our body of data. A specific feature of these texts is that they portray a number of working-class social characters in a stereotypical and stylised way. They also transcribe, via a number of graphic means, not just the slang words they supposedly use but also their pronunciation and accent. The cha...